Publications
For a complete and up to date list of publications please visit Google Scholar.
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arXiv
2026
PowerSlider: Exploiting Phase Asymmetry for LLM Serving under Demand Response
Yueying Li, Jiayang Chen, Yuanfan Chen, Leo Han, Haoran Qiu, Esha Choukse, Rodrigo Fonseca, Udit Gupta
arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.21719
2026
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Nature
Strategies and design for increasing AI sustainability
Andrew A Chien, Udit Gupta, Shaolei Ren, Akshitha Sriraman, Bill Tomlinson
Nature Reviews Clean Technology
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MobiSys
A Greener Edge: A Framework on Carbon-aware Edge ML System Design
Xuesi Chen, Ilan Mandel, Eren Yildiz, Josiah Hester, Udit Gupta
Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services
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ICML
Beyond Prediction: Tail-Aware Scheduling for LLM Inference
Yueying Li, Yuanfan Chen, Jiayang Chen, Esha Choukse, Haoran Qiu, Edward Suh, Rodrigo Fonseca, Ziv Scully, Udit Gupta
Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML '26)
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ICLR
FlashDLM: Accelerating Diffusion Language Model Inference via Efficient KV Caching and Guided Diffusion
Zhanqiu Hu, Jian Meng, Yash Akhauri, Mohamed S. Abdelfattah, Jae-sun Seo, Zhiru Zhang, Udit Gupta
ICLR 2026
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DATE
COFFEE: A Carbon-Modeling and Optimization Framework for HZO-based FeFET eNVMs
Hongbang Wu, Xuesi Chen, Shubham Jadhav, Amit Lal, Lillian Pentecost, and Udit Gupta
Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE) 2026
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IEEE Micro
Beyond the Accelerator: A Full-Stack HW/SW Co-Design Analysis for Recommendation System Inference
Zhanqiu Hu, Mark Zhao, Zhiru Zhang, Udit Gupta
IEEE Micro
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ICCAD
2025
EPiCarbon: A Carbon Modeling Tool for Electro-Photonic Accelerators
Farbin Fayza, Cansu Demirkiran, Satyavolu Papa Rao, Darius Bunandar, Udit Gupta, Ajay Joshi
IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design
2025
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ICCAD
CarbonClarity: Understanding and Addressing Uncertainty in Embodied Carbon for Sustainable Computing
Xuesi Chen, Leo Han, Anvita Bhagavathula, Udit Gupta
IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design
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NatC
Photonics for sustainable AI
Farbin Fayza, Cansu Demirkiran, Satyavolu Papa Rao, Darius Bunandar, Udit Gupta, Ajay Joshi
Nature Communications Physics
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NEJM
Sustainably Advancing Health AI: A Decision Framework to Mitigate the Energy, Emissions, and Cost of AI Implementation
Anu Ramachandran, Chethan Sarabu, Udit Gupta, Shomit Ghose, Vivian S Lee
New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery
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SIGM
Metrics for Data Center Embodied Carbon
Leo Han, Yueying Lisa Li, Udit Gupta
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
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SIGM
Fair, Practical, and Efficient Carbon Accounting for LLM Serving
Yueying Lisa Li, Leo Han, G Edward Suh, Christina Delimitrou, Fiodar Kazhamiaka, Esha Choukse, Rodrigo Fonseca, Liangcheng Yu, Jonathan Mace, Udit Gupta
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
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DIS
Silicon Foraging: Harvesting Excess Compute for Sustainable Edge Computing
Ilan Mandel, Udit Gupta
ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference
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SIGM
From Component to System: Rethinking Edge Computing Design through a Carbon-Aware Lens
Xuesi Chen, Ariel Goldner, Eren Yildiz, Ilan Mandel, Tingyu Cheng, Josiah Hester, Udit Gupta
ACM SIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review
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CACM
Empowering Users to Make Sustainability-Forward Decisions for Computing Services
Sydney Young, Udit Gupta , Josiah Hester
Communications of the ACM
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ISCA
Hermes: Algorithm-System Co-design for Efficient Retrieval-Augmented Generation At-Scale
Michael Shen, Muhammad Umar, Kiwan Maeng, G Edward Suh, Udit Gupta
International Symposium on Computer Architecture -
ISCA
Fair-CO2: Fair attribution for cloud carbon emissions
Leo Han, Jash Kakadia, Benjamin C Lee, Udit Gupta
International Symposium on Computer Architecture -
JCSS
Slower is Greener: Acceptance of Eco-feedback Interventions on Carbon Heavy Internet Services
Hyeonwook Kim, Sydney Young, Xuesi Chen, Udit Gupta , Josiah Hester
ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies
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IoTJ
GreenScale: Carbon Optimization for Edge Computing
Yonglak Son, Udit Gupta, Andrew McCrabb, Young Geun Kim, Valeria Bertacco, David Brooks, Carole-Jean Wu
IEEE Internet of Things Journal
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HPCA
CORDOBA: Carbon-efficient optimization framework for computing systems
Mariam Elgamal, Doug Carmean, Elnaz Ansari, Okay Zed, Ramesh Peri, Srilatha Manne, Udit Gupta, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks, Gage Hills, Carole-Jean Wu
IEEE International Sympsoium on High Performance Computer Architecture
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arXiv
Ecoserve: Designing carbon-aware ai inference systems
Yueying Li, Zhanqiu Hu, Esha Choukse, Rodrigo Fonseca, G Edward Suh, Udit Gupta
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JXCDC
2024
Energy-/carbon-aware evaluation and optimization of 3d ic architecture with digital compute-in-memory designs
Hyung Joon Byun, Udit Gupta , Jae-sun Seo
IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
2024
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ISPLED
3d ic architecture evaluation and optimization with digital compute-in-memory designs
Hyung Joon Byun, Udit Gupta , Jae-sun Seo
International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design
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USENIX
Information flow control in machine learning through modular model architecture
Trishita Tiwari, Suchin Gururangan, Chuan Guo, Weizhe Hua, Sanjay Kariyappa, Udit Gupta , Wenjie Xiong, Kiwan Maeng, Hsien-Hsin S Lee, G Edward Suh
USENIX Security Symposium
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ASPLOS
2023
MP-Rec: Hardware-Software Co-Design to Enable Multi-Path Recommendation
Samuel Hsia, Udit Gupta, Bilge Acun, Newsha Ardalani, Pan Zhong, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks, Carole-Jean Wu
International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
2023
ASPLOS
A Holistic Approach for Designing Carbon Aware Datacenters
Bilge Acun, Benjamin Lee, Kiwan Maeng, Manoj Chakkaravarthy, Udit Gupta, David Brooks, Carole-Jean Wu
International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
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ISCA
2022
ACT: Designing Sustainable Computer Systems With An Architectural Carbon Modeling Tool
Udit Gupta , Mariam Elgamal, Gage Hills, Gu-Yeon Wei, Hsien-Hsin S. Lee, David Brooks, Carole-Jean Wu
International Symposium on Computer Architecture
[PDF] [Slides] [Github]
IEEE MICRO Top Picks Award!2022
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MLSys
Sustainable AI: Environmental Implications, Challenges and Opportunities
Carole-Jean Wu, Ramya Raghavendra, Udit Gupta, Bilge Acun, Newsha Ardalani, Kiwan Maeng, et. al.
Machine Learning and Systems
[ArXiv] -
HPCA
Hercules: Heterogeneity-Aware Inference Serving for At-scale Personalized Recommendation
Liu Ke, Udit Gupta, Mark Hempstead, Carole-Jean Wu, Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee, Xuan Zhang
IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture -
MICRO
2021
RecPipe: Co-designing Models and Hardware to Jointly Optimize Recommendation Quality and Performance
Udit Gupta, Samuel Hsia, Jeff Zhang, Mark Wilkening, Javin Pombra, Hsien-Hsin S. Lee, Gu-Yeon Wei, Carole-Jean Wu, David Brooks
IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
[ArXiv] [Github] [MICRO 2021 Talk] [MICRO 2021 Lightning Talk] [PDF]
[Artifact] (available, functional, and reproducible)2021
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WCAE
Mentoring Opportunities in Computer Architecture: Analyzing the Past to Develop the Future
Elba Garza, Gururaj Saileshwar, Udit Gupta, Tianyi Liu, Abdulrahman Mahmoud, Saugata Ghose, Joel Emer
Workshop on Computer Architecture Education (WCAE) co-located with ISCA
[PDF] -
HPCA
RecSSD: near data processing for solid state drive based recommendation inference
Mark Wilkening, Udit Gupta, Samuel Hsia, Caroline Trippel, Carole-Jean Wu, David Brooks, Gu-Yeon Wei
IEEE International Sympsoium on High Performance Computer Architecture
[PDF] -
HPCA
Chasing Carbon: The Elusive Environmental Footprint of Computing
Udit Gupta, Young Geun Kim, Silvia Lee, Jordan Tse, Hsien-Hsin S. Lee, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks, Carole-Jean Wu
IEEE International Sympsoium on High Performance Computer Architecture
[PDF]
IEEE MICRO Top Picks Award! -
IISWC
2020
Cross-stack workload characterization of deep recommendation systems
Samuel Hsia, Udit Gupta , Mark Wilkening, Carole-Jean Wu, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks
International Sympsoium on Workload Characterization
[PDF]2020
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ISCA
DeepRecSys: A System for Optimizing End-to-End At-scale Neural Recommendation Inference
Udit Gupta, Samuel Hsia, Vikram Saraph, Xiaodong Wang, Brandon Reagen, Gu-Yeon Wei, Hsien-Hsin S. Lee, David Brooks, Carole-Jean Wu
International Sympsoium on Computer Architecture
[PDF] -
ISCA
RecNMP: Accelerating Personalized Recommendation with Near-Memory Processing
Liu Ke, Udit Gupta, Benjamin Youngjae Cho, David Brooks, et. al.
International Sympsoium on Computer Architecture
[PDF] -
MLSys
MLPerf Training Benchmark
Peter Mattson, Christine Cheng, Gregory Diamos, Cody Coleman, Paulius Mickievicius, David Patterson, et. al.
Proceedings of Machine Learning and Systems
[PDF] -
MLSys
The Architectural Implications of Facebook's DNN-bsed Personalized Recommendation Models
Udit Gupta, Carole-Jean Wu, Xiaodong Wang, Maxim Naumov, Brandon Reagen, David Brooks, et. al.
International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
[PDF]
IEEE MICRO Top Picks Honorable Mention! -
ProTools
2019
ChampVis: Comparative Hierarchical Analysis of Microarchitectural Performance
Lillian Pentecost, Udit Gupta, Elisa Ngan, Johanna Beyer, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks
IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Programming and Performance Visualization Tools (ProTools) co-located with Super Computing
2019
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MICRO
MaxNVM: Maximizing DNN Storage Density and Inference Efficiency with Sparse Encoding and Error Mitigation
Lillian Pentecost, Marco Donato, Brandon Reagen, Udit Gupta, Siming Ma, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks
IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
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PACT
MASR: A Modular Accelerator for Sparse RNNs
Udit Gupta, Brandon Reagen, Lillian Pentecost, Marco Donato, Thierry Tambe, Alexander Rush, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks,
International Conference on Parallel Architecture and Compilation Techniques
[PDF]
Best paper nominee! -
VLSI
A 16nm 25mm2 SoC with 54.5x Flexibility-Efficiency Range from Dual-Core ARM Cortex-A53 to eFPGA and Cache-Coherent Accelerators
Paul Whatmough, Sae Kyu Lee, Marco Donato, Thomas Hsueh, Sam Xi, Udit Gupta, Lillian Pentecost, Glenn Ko, David Brooks, Gu-Yeon Wei
Symposium on VLSI Circuits -
arXiv
Deep Learning Recommendation Model for Personalization and Recommendation Systems
Maxim Naumov, Dheevatsa Mudigere, Michael Whi, Jianyu Huang, Narayanan Sundaraman, Jongoo Park, Xiaodong Wang, Udit Gupta, Carole-Jean Wu et. al.
arXiv -
ICML
2018
Weightless: Lossy Weight Encoding for Deep Neural Network Compression
Brandon Reagen, Udit Gupta, Bob Adolf, Michael Mitzenmacher, Alexander Rush, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks
International Conference on Machine Learning
2018
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DAC
Ares: A Framework for Quantifying the Resilience of Deep Neural Networks
Brandon Reagen, Udit Gupta, Lillian Pentecost, Paul Whatmough, Sae Kyu Lee, Niam Mullholland, David Brooks, Gu-Yeon Wei
Design Automation Conference
Best paper nominee! -
DAC
On-chip Deep Neural Network Storage with Multi-level eNVM
Marco Donato, Brandon Reagen, Lillian Pentecost, Udit Gupta, David Brooks, Gu-Yeon Wei
Design Automation Conference -
FPGA
Rosetta: A Realistic High-level Synthesis Benchmark Suite for Software Programmable FPGAs
Yuan Zhou, Udit Gupta, Steve Dai, Ritchie Zhao, Nitish Srivastava, Hanchen Jin, Joseph Featherston, Yi-Hsiang Lai, Gai Liu, Gustavo Angarita Velasquez, Wenping Wang, Zhiru Zhang
International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays -
FPGA
2017
Dynamic Hazard Resolution of Pipelining Irregular Loops in High-level Synthesis
Steve Dai, Ritchie Zhao, Shreesha Srinath, Udit Gupta, Chris Batten, Zhiru Zhang
International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays2017
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FPGA
2015
Mapping-aware Constrained Scheduling for LUT-based FPGAs
Mingxing Tan, Steve Dai, Udit Gupta, Zhiru Zhang
International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays2015
Patents
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Computer memory module processing device with cache storage
Liu Ke, Silvia Zhang, Udit Gupta , Carole-Jean Wu, Mark Hempstead, Brandon Reagen, Hsien-Hsin S. Lee
Policy Papers and Reports
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Towards a Sustainable and Competitive AI Economy: Recommendations to the German Federal Environment Ministry
Udit Gupta, Philipp Hacker, Lynn H. Kaack, Emma Strubell, Aimee van Wynsberghe
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUKN), April 2026
[PDF]
Theses and Books
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Enabling High Performance, Efficient, and Sustainable Deep Learning Systems At Scale
Udit Gupta
PhD Dissertation, Computer Science, Harvard University, 2022
[PDF]